Principle Components Analysis reduced eight animal variables to three components and ten keeper variables to five components. At each zoo, keepers were also videotaped calling to their animals in order to directly observe animal responses to keeper behaviors. These data include 219 individuals of four endangered species: black rhinoceros, cheetah, maned wolf, and great hornbill. Using standardized questionnaires, 82 keepers rated how they behaved towards animals, their husbandry routine, how the animal responds to them and to other people, and provided information about themselves. In the mid-1990s, a large body of multi-institutional data on zookeepers and animals was collected from 46 Zoos. This article begins to explore some of the factors that need to be considered to investigate Keeper-Animal Relationships (KARs) in the zoo. Research on intensively farmed animals over the past 25 years has shown that human-animal interactions, by affecting the animal's fear of humans, can markedly limit the productivity and welfare of farm animals.
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